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A. K. Sood ¹, O. P. Bhalla ¹, K. C. Sharma ¹, Anil Kumar ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Entomology, Dr. Y. S. P. University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan 173230, H.P., IN

Abstract

Studies conducted on the natural enemies of Pieris brassicae (Linnaeus) in the mid-hill region of Himachal Pradesh, revealed that mortality caused by hymenopteran parasitoids,  Cotesia glomeratus (Linnaeus) and Hypersota ebeninus Gravenhorst ranged between 3.9-23.6% with its peak during mid April, while the mortality due to bacterial pathogens viz., Bacillus sp. and Serratia marcescens Bizio varied between 1.2-23.7%. Predators like Episyrphus balteatus (de Geer), Coccinella septempunctata Linnaeus and Polistes hebreus (Fabricius) though active, their role in suppressing the population of P. brassicac was negligible. The role of meteorological factors in the dynamics of natural enemies is also discussed.

Keywords

Abiotic Factor, Parasitoids, Pathogens, Pieris brassicae, Predators, Seasonal Activity.

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Rakesh Kumar ¹, C. S. Pandav ², A. K. Sood ³, D. R. Gaur ³

Affiliations
1 Department of PSM, UCMS, Delhi, IN
2 Centre for Community Medicine, AIIMS, New Delhi, IN
3 Department of PSM, Medical College & Hospital, Rohtak, Haryana, IN

Abstract

Iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) is a major public health problem in India, as is evident from the fact that 15 states (out of 22) and 5 Union territories (out of 9) are endemic for IDD. The Government of India decided in 1985 to iodize the entire salt meant for human consumption in the country by 1992. The present study was conducted to know the preference and common practices with regard to use of salt so that the iodized salt, once made universally available in India, has its desired impact.

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Vinay Singh ¹, A. K. Sood ¹, P. R. Shashank ²

Affiliations
1 CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur-176 062, IN
2 Division of Entomology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110 012, IN

Abstract

Pecan [Carya illinoensis (Wang) K Koch.] fruits were found infested by two husk feeders, Garella ruficirra (Hampson) and Conogethes sp. during July-August, 2015 at Palampur representing mid-hill regions of Himachal Pradesh. The infestation ranged from 10-65 per cent in different orchards/ plantations. Feeding by these insects resulted in appreciable reduction in yield due to pre-mature fruit drop and secondary infection of micro-organisms. Amongst two husk feeders, G. ruficirra was the dominating species (95%). Both of them were recorded for the first time infesting pecan and seem to be new pest record of pecan in India.

Keywords

Husk Feeder, Garella ruficirra, Conogethes sp., Pecan, New Record.

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Vinay Singh ¹, A. K. Sood ²

Affiliations
1 CSK Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Palampur, IN
2 Department of Entomology, CSK Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Palampur – 176062, Himachal Pradesh, IN

Abstract

Greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) is a key pest of tomato under protected environment in Himachal Pradesh. Recently, an aphelinid parasitoid, Encarsia formosa Gahan was observed to parasitize T. vaporariorum in mid-hill regions of Himachal Pradesh. It seems to be the first record of this aphelinid parasitoid from India. Population buildup of E. formosa was recorded in eight insecticide based greenhouse whitefly management modules comprising soil application of imidacloprid (0.009%) and foliar applications of spiromesifen (0.02%), thiamethoxam (0.01%) and azadirachtin (0.0003%) in tomato grown during summer cropping seasons of 2015 and 2016 under naturally ventilated polyhouse. Parasitization by E. formosa in the plants without treatment varied from 31.8 to 81.2 and 36.8 to 93.6 per cent during 2015 and 2016, respectively. The insecticidal module comprising single soil application of imidacloprid one day after transplanting followed by alternate foliar applications of azadirachtin starting 45 days after transplanting at 10 days interval proved favourable for buildup of E. formosa as compared to other insecticide based greenhouse whitefly management modules during both the seasons. Based on the observations recorded, it was observed that the parasitoid has the potential for inclusion in greenhouse whitefly management programme.

Keywords

Encarsia formosa, Management, Protected Cultivation, Trialeurodes vaporariorum.

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Titiksha ¹, A. K. Sood ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Entomology, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur - 176 062, IN

Abstract

Two spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) is highly polyphagous and cosmopolitan pest attacking wide range of crops, limiting the yield and thus, cause huge economic losses. Mite abundance is increasing in spite of using acaricides in Himachal Pradesh which may be attributed to acaricidal resistance in mites. Studies on T. urticae populations collected from six localities were undertaken during 2018-19 against three acaricides, namely, fenazaquin, hexythiazox and propargite. The studies revealed that resistance development was there among field populations collected from different localities. The resistanc for fenazaquin, hexythiazox and propargite were in range of 3.62 to 4.26, 1.88 to 2.45 and 3.47 to 5.63, respectively. The Una population was found most resistant to all the acaricides followed by Kullu and Solan. The Palampur population was observed to be least resistant to acaricides.

Keywords

Tetranychus urticae, Resistance, Acaricides.

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C. S. Jayaram ¹, P. K. Sharma ¹, A. K. Sood ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Entomology, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur 176062, Himachal Pradesh, IN

Abstract

A survey was conducted to study the prostigmatid predatory mites in different agro climatic zones of Himachal Pradesh. Plant samples collected from agriculturally important crops showed presence of predatory mites belonging to five families and six genera. Eight species, viz., Agistemus sp. nr. edulis, A. industani Gonzalez-Rodriguez, A. javanicum Gupta, A. lakoocha Gupta, Pronematus sextoni Baker, Paraerythraeus delhiensis Khot, Tydeus gossabaensis Gupta and T. ornamentalicus Gupta was reported for the first time from Himachal Pradesh. Distribution of prostigmatid predatory mites revealed that they were more diverse in Zone-I and Zone-II, whereas in Zone-III and IV unrelated species were recorded. P. sextoni established as dominant (15.90) species in the entire collection followed by eleven species, which were sub-dominant, and Pronematus delhiensis was recorded as sub-recident (0.75).

Keywords

Agistemus, Himachal Pradesh, Predatory Mites, Prostigmatid.

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C. S. Jayaram ¹, P. K. Sharma ¹, A. K. Sood ¹, S. K. Gupta ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Entomology, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Palampur 176 062, IN
2 Medicinal Plants Research and Extension Centre, Ramakrishna Mission, Narendrapur, Kolkata 700 103, IN

Abstract

No Abstract.

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Sudeshna Thakur ¹, Kiran Bala ¹, A. K. Sood ¹, Yudhvir Singh ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Entomology, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur-176 062, IN
2 Department of Vegetable Science and Floriculture, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur, IN

Abstract

In order to explore the possibility of sources of resistance and relative tolerance of cultivars based upon the damage inflicted, studies were undertaken to evaluate onion and garlic entries/genotypes during February-April, 2016. The screening of the genotypes revealed thrips population to remain low till the end of March which attained peak in the first week of April. Mean thrips population count on onion was maximum on ON-14-01 being at par to ALRO 213, ON14-04 and minimum on genotype OLR 1352 which being at par with ON 15-16 and OLR 1372. Among the garlic genotypes AVT-2/GRL-1351 and AVT-1/GN-14-25 showed maximum thrips population whereas GRL-1349 and AVT-1/GN14-23 sustained minimum population. Foliar damage varied from 4.90 to 25.40 per cent and 0 to 6.6 per cent in onion and garlic, respectively. Correlation of population build-up with environmental factors showed positive correlation with prevailing temperature but negative with rainfall, relative humidity, wind speed and sunshine hours for both the crops but correlation with maximum relative humidity and wind speed was significant for onion crop only.

Keywords

Allium cepa, Allium sativum, Thrips, Germplasm, Screening.

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Sudeshna Thakur ¹, A. K. Sood ¹

Affiliations
1 CSK Himachal Pradesh Agriculture University, Palampur, 176062, Himachal Pradesh, IN

Abstract

The feeding inhibition and oviposition deterrent activity of natural products were evaluated under laboratory conditions against Tetranychus urticae Koch. Mite feeding specks in the treatments varied from 61.3 to 428 at concentrations ranging from 0.625 to 40%. Darekastra and fermented buttermilk outperformed others to result in reduced number of feeding specks with increase in concentration. The feeding inhibition index for all the products was negative suggesting that these have varied level of inhibition. Cow urine, Darekastra, fermented buttermilk and Tamarlassi were found to effectively reduce the oviposition by mite. The oviposition deterrence index exhibited both attractiveness and repellent activity of natural products. Cow urine, Darekastra and fermented buttermilk proved as potent acaricides against T. urticae under both the deterrence parameters.

Keywords

Tetranychus urticae, natural products, parthenocarpic cucumber, bioassay, feeding specks, deterrence, cow urine, Darekastra, fermented butter milk, Jeevamrit, Panchgavya, Tamarlassi, vermiwash

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